Control work III-II


  

 I. Intensive Reading. Good Morning:

2.2.  Answer the following questions:

1)      Where does the action take place?

The action takes place in the American countryside.

2)      What are the main characters in the text?

The main characters of the text are Joe, a schoolboy; Mr. Epperly, a farmer; his wife and three kids and Old Ranger, Mr. Epperly’s dog. Joe is the narrator of the story.

3)      Are the main events of the story arranged chronologically?

Yes, the main events of the story are arranged chronologically, but there are some author’s recollections in the text.

4)      What time span does the story cover?

The story covers the time span of about a month.

 

2.3.  Answer these questions, which will help you to narrate the main episodes of the story:

1)      Why was it necessary to kill Old Ranger?

Mr. Epperly’s neighbours demanded that Old Ranger be shot as Old Ranger had fought and killed the mad dog that bit Mr. Epprerly’s cow, and might have gone mad too. And Mr. Epperly was afraid for his children as they got used to keeping close to Old Ranger.

2)      Why did Mr. Epperly ask Joe to kill the dog?

Mr. Epperly asked Joe to kill the Old Ranger for he couldn’t do it himself and the neighbours wanted the dog to be shot but there were no volunteers to do it among them.

3)      Why did the boy agree to do it?

Joe agreed to kill the dog because of a one-dollar bill, which was given him and he felt obliged to do it though he liked the dog very much.

4)      What prevented the boy from killing the dog?

Joe looked into Old Ranger’s eyes and couldn’t help recollecting the dog’s kindness and devotion and couldn’t stop thinking of dog’s misunderstanding of the aim of their walk. Old Ranger was glad to have a walk with Joe.  And the second reason was the sight of Mr. Epperly’s crying kids.

5)      Where did Joe hide Old Ranger?

Joe took the dog to the stable.

6)      What did Joe do with the money Mr. Epperly had given him?

Joe stuck the one-dollar bill into an empty castor-oil bottle and buried the bottle in some soft dirt under the corner of the fence.

7)      How did the Epperly react at seeing Old Ranger alive?

Mr. and Mrs. Epperly and the three kids ran up to the dog when they heard him howling, and Joe didn’t know which of them got the most hugging.

 

2.7. Imagine you are Old Ranger and you can speak a human language. Now you’re recollecting your past life, your habitual behaviour in your master’s house (6 sentences):

My master’s name was Mr. Epperly; he was very kind and nice man. He had a family of five: he, his wife and their three children. All of them loved me with all their hearts. I considered myself to be a member of the family. I would go with them to the woods or stay in the garden. Mr. Epperly was a passionate hunter; and I liked to go to the hickory groves and tree squirrels with my master. But once a mad dog bit Mr. Epperly’s cow and I had to fight and killed that dog.  And Mr. Epperly took me away from home, I didn’t know why. It was Joe, a nice boy, who took me to the stable near his home. He was good to me. One day I was taken back home and I didn’t know the way of expressing my happiness.

 

2.8. Imagine you are Mr. Epperly. After you asked Joe to kill the dog and gave him a one-dollar bill, you feel frustrated and distressed. You are extremely sorry for what you have done. You feel pretty ashamed. You wish you hadn’t done it. What do you wish you hadn’t done? (4 sentences):

I wish I had never told my neighbours about the dog’s fight.

I wish I hadn’t asked them for neighbours’ advice; I could have solved this problem myself.

I wish I hadn’t asked Joe to kill Old Ranger.

I wish I hadn’t given Joe a one-dollar bill.

 

2.12. To narrate the sequence of incidents the story “Good Morning” is composed of, one should know the main forms of the following verbs. Can you write their correct forms?

 

To hide

Hid – hidden – hiding

To run

Ran – run – running

To shoot

Shot – shot – shooting

To stick

Stuck – stuck – sticking

To slip

Slipped – slipped – slipping

To feed

Fed – fed – feeding

To get (bit)

Got – got – getting

To pull

Pulled – pulled – pulling

To lead

Led – led – leading

To untie

Untied – untied – untieing/untying

To rise

Rose – risen – rising

To fool

Fooled – fooled – fooling

To point (one’s gun)

Pointed – pointed – pointing

To keep (smb. penned up)

Kept – kept – keeping

To hug

Hugged – hugged – hugging

To bring

Brought – brought – bringing

To bury

Buried – buried – burying

To fire (a shot)

Fired – fired – firing

To buy

Bought – bought – buying

To search

Searched – searched – searching

To scold

Scolded – scolded – scolding

To feel

Felt – felt – feeling

To cry

Cried – cried – crying

To put

Put – put – putting

To try

Tried – tried – trying

 

 

 

2.14. Consult the Dictionary for adjectives with the help of which you can characterize 1) the boy; 2) Mr. Epperly; 3) Mrs. Epperly. Write them out. Practice the adjectives in the pattern:

a) The boy (Mr. Epperly) is described as being Adj. (quality)

1)      The boy is described as being sensitive, kind, honest, inconsistent and considerate.

2)      Mr. Epperly is depicted as being irresolute, cautious, heedful and merciful.

3)      Mrs. Epperly is portrayed as being heedful, sensitive and merciful

b) If the boy had (not) been Adj. (quality), he would (not) have done smth.

1) If the boy hadn’t been kind and consistent, he would have killed Old Ranger.

     If the boy hadn’t been sensitive, he couldn’t have thought of saving the dog’s life.

     If the boy hadn’t been considerate, he would have paid no attention to the children’s tears.

2)  If Mr. Epperly hadn’t been irresolute, he would have killed his dog himself.

     If Mr. Epperly hadn’t been thoughtful, he wouldn’t have hesitated to shoot Old Ranger.

     If Mr. Epperly hadn’t been merciful, he wouldn’t have thanked Joe after all.

3)  If Mrs. Epperly hadn’t been merciful, she wouldn’t have thanked the boy for his action.

If Mrs. Epperly hadn’t been sensitive, she would have paid all her attention to her children but not to Old Ranger’s trouble.

If Mrs. Epperly hadn’t been thoughtful, she would have taken no notice of her kids’ grief after the dog’s death.

c) I wish the boy had been (could have been) more/less Adj. (quality)

1) I wish the boy had been less sentimental.

2)  I wish Mr. Epperly had been more persistent in his opinion.

3)  I wish Mrs. Epperly had been less humble.

 

2.17. Speak about Joe’s character. The following questions may be of help to you:

Joe is presented by the author as a mixture of diverse qualities. He is shown as a sensitive, kind, honest, inconsistent and considerate person. Joe is a controversial and complicated personality. Being a magnetic personality, Joe is presented as a courageous and considerate boy. His kindness, tactfulness and responsibility seem to appeal enough to me. The episode in the woods depicts Joe as being sentimental and kind, honest and heedful. A desperate struggle, taking place inside him, is provoked by these qualities. The crying kids made him recollect his friendship with Old Ranger so he turned out to be a very affectionate and tender boy. Besides, Joe is honest and just. If he hadn’t been such, he might have appropriated the one-dollar bill without killing the dog. But he returned the money to Mr. Epperly. These qualities form the character of Joe.

 

II. Extensive Reading (parts 4, 5):

4.17. Answer these questions primarily concerning your native place:

1)      What types of climate do you know?

I know the following types of climate: equatorial, subtropical, the climate of tropical monsoon, the climate of tropical deserts, maritime climate, continental climate, monsoon climate of the temperate latitudes mediterranean, antarctic climate, arctic climate and subarctic climate.

2)      What may cool/warn climate be caused by?

Climate is a region’s weather conditions measured over a long period of time. It is defined by features such as average temperature and precipitation, humidity, and degree of windiness. Determining factors include elevation, latitude, vegetation, location on a continent, proximity to large bodies of water and the warming of ocean currents.

Climates can change over short periods of time as well as over the long term. Short-term climate changes may be caused by sunspot activity, the warming of ocean currents, and variations in the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth, a factor directly affected by pollution. It is believed that the changing tilt of the Earth’s axis and the shape of its orbit also play a role in long-term climate changes.

3)      What is the climate of your region like?

The climate of my region is maritime. It is mainly influenced by proximity to an ocean or sea (in this case – the Baltic Sea), experiencing relatively mild long winters and comparatively cool summers; extremes of temperature are rare, and humidity is generally higher than in a continental climate. In St. Petersburg the weather is cloudy and rainy all the year round. The wind from the Gulf of Finland blows frequently.

4)      Does the temperature vary greatly in winter and in summer?

The temperatures in winter and in summer are various. The averages t0 in January are at about 10-15 0C below zero, and in July the averages don’t go up 20-26 0C above zero.

5)      Does the temperature drop to 40 degrees C below 0 in winter?

The temperature never drops to40 degrees C below 0 in winter.

6)      Does it go up to 50 above 0 in summer?

The temperature never goes up to 50 above 0 in summer.

7)      Does it often rain in autumn and snow in winter?

It often rains in autumn and snows in winter and snow turns into rain frequently.

8)      What are characteristic features of the climate in your region?

In my opinion the characteristic feature of the climate in our region is high humidity, which is caused by the vicinity of the Baltic Sea.

9)      When does winter/spring/autumn set in in your region?

Winter sets in at the end of November in St. Petersburg and spring comes in April and sometimes at the very end of March. Summer sets in in June and autumn – in the second part of September.

 

Read the texts about the way agriculture is run in UK/USA. Write in short about the agricultural crops in the countries (10 sentences):

Three major grain crops of Great Britain are wheat, oats and barley. Cereal crops are grown in rotation with clover, grass and root crops among which sugar beet, potatoes and turnips are cultivated. Many kinds of fruit are grown in the south, such as apples, pears, plumps, cherries, strawberries and gooseberries. They are not for import and serve for making famous cider and perry. The chief fruit-growing areas are in the south-west Midlands and south-west and south-east England.

In the USA wheat is grown in three major wheat belts. The leading state in wheat production is Kansas. Speaking of other grain crops, barley and rye are grown not so exclusively to form their own belts. It’s important to mention that being accustomed to sandy soils and cool, moist climate rye doesn’t grow so extensively as in Europe. Besides, rye is often used as a cover crop to protect fields from erosion.

 

5.9.

1)      Enumerate 10 most popular animals which inhabit the forests of this country;

2)      Give the names of 10 species of fish which inhabit this country;

3)      Name 10 species of trees which are widespread in your region;

4)      Give the names of 10 kinds of flowers which are sold in the flower shops or on markets in your home town;

5)      Enumerate 10 vegetables which can be bought on markets in your home town;

6)      Give the names of 5 agricultural crops which are grown in the region you live in.

 

10

most popular animals

10

species of fish

10

species of trees

10

kinds of flowers

10 vegetables

5 agricultural crops

A fox

Сrucian (carp)

An oak

A rose

Carrots

Rye

A bear

Pike

A pine(-tree)

A pink

Cabbage

Wheat

A squirrel

Roach

A birch

A tulip

Broccoli

Barley

A racoon

Carp

An asp

A narcissus, a daffodil

Potatoes

Oats

A mole

Sazan

A maple

A lily

Turnip

Millet

A lepus, (hare)

Perch

A mountain ash

A Chrysanthemum

Beetroot

 

A wolf

Tench

A fir, a spruce

An iris

Onion

 

An elk

Burbot

A poplar

A violet

Garlic

 

A hedgehog

Cat-fish

An alder(-tree)

A cyclamen

Cucumber

 

A marten

Smelt

An elm

An orchid

Tomatoes

 

 

 

Creative Tasks

I.  Choose one of the poems to your liking and give your interpretation of the poem (See 3.7) – 5-7 sentences:

A wise old owl lived in an oak;

The more he saw the less he spoke;

The less he spoke the more he heard.

Why can’t we all be like that wise old bird?

 

This poem has aroused a feeling of poetic satisfaction in me. I was attracted much by its rhythm and terseness. But terseness never means “senselessness”, so this poem seems to be very wise and full of sense.

Why should people speak much to seem wise? It’s not bad sometimes to be similar to “that wise old bird”. At any rate I think that animals are wiser in their own way. It is not necessary to speak much to show wisdom and knowledge. If a man is wise, everybody can see it, even if he keeps silence. Moreover, if a man speaks too mush, he can’t hear and notice many things around him as his chatter hinders him from the perception of the surroundings.

 

II. Write about the relief, the fauna, the flora and the climate of your region  (20 sentences):

St. Petersburg is often called the “Northern Capital” as it is situated in the North-Western region of Russia. The dominating characteristic of this area’s relief is plain. The west part of the territory is covered with lowlands and marshes. The northern part of the territory bears the marks of shifting of shelf ice, which took place about 16 000 years ago.

The region has a maritime type of climate. This type of climate is characterised by mild long winters and comparatively cool summers. Winters are snowy; and snow turns into rain frequently. Sometimes dryness of summer causes ignition of peat and forest. Extremes of temperature are rare, and humidity is high. The averages of January are at about 10-15 0C below zero, and in July the averages don’t go up 20-26 0C above zero. In St. Petersburg the weather is cloudy and rainy all the year round.

The flora of the region is various. It is presented by both conifers and broad-leaved trees and shrubs. In the North-East fir-trees, blackberries and cowberries are widely spread. Pines grow almost everywhere, being unpretentious. Birches grow along with them forming its exclusive belt only in the south. All these threes turn into mixed forests, where ash-trees, lime-trees and maples join them.

Various animals present the fauna of the region. Brown bears, grey wolves, wild boars, red foxes, hares and red squirrels inhabit the forests of the region. There are many other animals but the above mentioned animals are the most widespread animals of the region.

 

III.  Choose one point and write 10 sentences on the point (See 5.11):

Do you sometimes have a feeling that animals behave in a similar way people do? Can animals communicate? If they can, how are their messages expressed? What kinds of information do they exchange?

Of course, I can agree with this statement. Most of the pets and even wild animals behave in a similar way people do. They feel human-like feelings such as fear, pleasure, anxiety, displeasure etc. During their love games animals often flirt like people do, trying to attract their partners’ attention, and so on. Though animals often express these feelings in the same way as people do, they are sometimes difficult to understand, as we often do not expect such an expression of them.

All animals can communicate to express various feelings. Most animals use their voices for warning their babies or calling their love partners or informing about the whereabouts of a prey. Dolphins can “talk” on high frequencies and have a big vocabulary for expressing a wide spectrum of feelings.

Animals can “speak” different “languages”. The dog wagging his tail is known to express its pleasure, but the cat doing the same wants to show anger. We must know well the habits of animals to understand them better.

 


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