The old man tightened his scarf and pulled the lapels of his heavy overcoat up around his neck. The warm air from his lungs became visible as it emerged from his mouth and was instantly chilled by the cold night air. For a few seconds, he allowed his feet to beat a soft tattoo on the hard concrete surface of the iron bridge, then stopped, settling his ageing frame more comfortably on the unyielding bench. He looked up at the dark October sky, enjoying the feeling of smallness its deepness gave him. There was a half moon, crisp and clear-edged, hanging flatly and remotely, as through added as an afterthought and playing no important part in the dark empyrean.

Sighing inwardly, he lowered his gaze to the river, black with sudden splashes of reflected light constantly joining and parting in a dazzling display of effulgence. He looked towards its banks: at the small boats and launches stirring smoothly in its easy flow; at the bright shops and restaurants, and the public house at the end, all night-lit clean, their middle greys of the day concealed in contrasts of uncompromising light and dark.

Beautiful, he thought. Beautiful, this time of night, this time of year. The lateness meant fewer people used the bridge as a thoroughfare; the coldness meant less people would linger on its unshielded length. Most of the tourists had left Windsor by now, their season having sighed to a halt. The day-trippers had scurried back into their coaches and cars and departed with the short autumn dusk. Now there would be fewer pilgrimages across the bridge from Windsor to see Eton, his town, to visit the famous College with its Tudor schoolyard and beautiful fifteenth-century chapel, to admire the eighteenth-century shop fronts and half-timbered medieval buildings, to browse through the numerous antique shops crammed into its narrow high street. He hadnТt quite appreciated the beauty of his birthplace himself until heТd read the official guide-book for Eton a few years before; it had become lost to him through a lifetime of familiarity. But now that heТd had a few years to pause, to look around him, to take stock of himself and his surroundings, heТd taken a deeper interest in the history and the uniqueness of his native town. For the past four years, since his retirement and after his illness, he had made a study of Eton becoming an expert on the subject. Any tourists stopping the old man in the street to ask for directions would suddenly find themselves with a knowledgeable and seemingly tireless guide, who would not let them go until they had grasped at least a fundamental history of the place. But towards the end of summer, he would grow tired of the tourists and the bustle they brought to his normally peaceful habitat, and he would welcome the arrival of the cold weather and the darker evenings.

Every night now, he would leave his tiny terraced house in Eton Square at about 8.30 and walk down to the College, then back up to the High Street towards the bridge where he would spend at least twenty to thirty minutes, regardless of weather, staring downriver to where the Thames divided around Romney Island, never particularly deep in thought, just enjoying the mood of the night. Occasionally, mainly in the summer, he would be joined by others, some strangers, some acquaintances, and he would chat with them for a while, but soon fall into his own reflective silence. Then he would walk back, stop in at The Christopher Courage for a single brandy, one of the few luxuries he allowed himself, and afterwards return home to bed.

Tonight, he imagined, would be no different from any other. Then, the drone of an aeroplaneТs engines reached his ears. It was nothing unusual Ц Eton was on a direct air route from nearby Heathrow airport, a cause of much complaint to the local people both in Eton and Windsor Ц but for some reason he peered up into the sky to find the source of the noise. He saw the tail light first and then the huge bulk of the plane became visible as his eyes adjusted to the inky backdrop.

One of the big Сuns, he thought. Damn nuisance, all these planes. Especially those big ones. Noisy brutes. Necessary evil I suppose. He wanted to avert his eyes, the tension in his neck muscles now becoming an uncomfortable strain as they stretched upwards; but for some reason, he was unable to do so. The huge body Ц quite low Ц the red light, the droning noise, had suddenly become fascinating to him. HeТd seen too many of the monsters for this one in particular to hold any real interest, yet he found he could not tear his eyes away from it. Something was wrong. He had no idea how he knew, but there was something wrong up there.

„асть 1. Ётимологический анализ

1. ¬ыбрать из текста 15 исконно английских слов.

he [Old English he]	night [Old English niht]	cold [Old English cald, ceald]
feet (foot) [Old English fōt]	boat(s) [Old English bāt]	moon [Old English mōna]
stop [Old English stoppian]	hard [Old English heard]	dark [Old English deorc]
from [Old English]	mouth [Old English mūb]	flow [Old English flōwan]
was [Old English wæs, a form of wesan]	thought (to think) [Old English pencan, pōht]	black [Old English blæc]

2. ¬ыбрать из текста 15 заимствованных слов и указать:

а) источник заимствовани¤

в) тип заимствовани¤

с) степень ассимил¤ции в ¤зыке

1. easy	a)12th century. From Old French aisie, the past participle of aisier, Уto put at ease,Ф from aise, УcomfortФ в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
2. air	a)13th century. Partly via Old French, and Latin, from Greek aēr, УatmosphereФ, and partly via French, Уnature, place of origin,Ф from Latin ager, УfieldФ and area, Уopen space.Ф в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
3. people	a) 13th century. Via Anglo-Norman, from Latin populus, (source of English POPULAR and PUBLIC), of Etruscan, origin в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
4. street (?)	a) Old English strt. Via prehistoric West Germanic from late Latin strata, Уpaved road,Ф from, ultimately, Latin sternere, Уto pave, throw downФ в) фонетическое и, возможно, семантическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
5. sky	a) 13th century. From Old Norse skэ, Уcloud.Ф Ultimately from an Indo-European base meaning Уto concealФ that is also the ancestor of English SCUM and HIDE. в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
6. empyrean	a) 15th century. Formed from medieval Latin empyreus, from Greek empurios, literally Уin fire,Ф from, ultimately, pur, Уfire.Ф в) полное заимствование с) неполна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
7. part	a) 13th century. The noun came from Old French; the verb via French partir, from Latin partire, ; both from Latin part-, stem of pars, УpartФ (source of English PARCEL). в) заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
8. pilgrimage	a) 13th century. From Provenзal pelegrinatge, from Latin peregrinus в) фонетическое заимствование с) ассимил¤ци¤
9. place	a) Pre-12th century. Via French, from, ultimately, Latin platea, Уbroad way,Ф from the Greek phrase plateia hodos. Plateia, УbroadФ came from an Indo-European base meaning Уto spreadФ that is also the ancestor of English FLAT and PLANT. The Latin, word is the ultimate source also of English PLAZA and PIAZZA. в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
10. route	a) 12th century. Via Old French route, from assumed Vulgar Latin rupta, literally УbrokenФ (from frequent use), the feminine past participle of Latin rumpere, Уto breakФ (source of English RUPTURE) в) фонетическое заимствование с) неполна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
11. reason	a) 13th century. Via Old French reisun, from, ultimately, Latin ratio, Уcalculation, thoughtФ (source of English RATE and RATIONAL), from reri, Уto think.Ф в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
12. effulgence	a) Mid-17th century. From late Latin effulgentia, from Latin effulgere, Уto shine brightly,Ф from fulgere, Уto shine.Ф в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
13. subject	a) 14th century. Via Old French, from Latin subjectus, from, ultimately, subicere, Уto place under,Ф from jacere, Уto throw.Ф в) фонетическое заимствование с) полна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
14. engine	a) 14th century. Via French engin, from Latin ingenium, Уtalent, clever deviceФ (source of English INGENIOUS) в) фонетическое заимствование с) неполна¤ ассимил¤ци¤
15. imagine	a) 14th century. Via French, from Latin imaginare, Уto make an image ofФ and imaginari, Уto picture to yourself,Ф both formed from imagin-, the stem of imago в) фонетическое заимствование с) неполна¤ ассимил¤ци¤

3. Ќайти в тексте интернациональные слова

tourist	history
empyrean	minutes
restaurants	stop
contrasts	brandy
season	aeroplane
College	airport
expert	monsters
guide	idea

unЦ - префикс исконно английского происхождени¤ с отрицательным значением

Цable - суффикс (продуктивный) латинского происхождени¤ со значением возможности осуществлени¤ действий или условий

ЦcomfortЦ - корень (12th century. Via Old French confort, from, ultimately, late Latin confortare, literally Уto strengthen completely,Ф from Latin fortis, УstrongФ. Originally Уto encourage, supportФ) (свободный)

основа uncomfortable ¤вл¤етс¤ производной, т.е. сформирована при помощи аффиксов от корн¤ comfort. (основа свободна¤)

unЦ - префикс исконно английского происхождени¤ с отрицательным значением

Цing - суффикс (продуктивный) исконно английского происхождени¤ со значением процесса действи¤

ЦcompromisЦ - корень (15th century. Via French compromis, from Latin compromissum, Уmutual agreement,Ф from the past participle of compromittere, literally Уto make mutual promises,Ф from promittere)

основа uncompromising ¤вл¤етс¤ производной, т.е. сформирована при помощи аффиксов от корн¤ compromis(e) (основа св¤занна¤).

¬ыписать из текста примеры слов, образованных различными способами.

uncomfortable unЦ - префикс исконно английского происхождени¤ с отрицательным значением (неконвертирующий)

Цable - суффикс (продуктивный) латинского происхождени¤ со значением возможности осуществлени¤ действий или условий (конвертирующий)

regardless Цless - суффикс (продуктивный) исконно английского происхождени¤ со значением отсутстви¤ признака, обозначенного существительным (корнем)

uniqueness Цness - суффикс (продуктивный) исконно английского происхождени¤ со значением признака в отвлечении от предмета (уникальный - уникальность)

peaceful Цful - суффикс (продуктивный) исконно английского происхождени¤ со значением полного присутстви¤ признака, обозначенного существительным (корнем), антоним Цless

mainly Цly - суффикс (продуктивный) исконно английского происхождени¤, относитс¤ к суффиксам так называемых Ђкачественных наречийї, образуемых от прилагательных со значением признака действи¤

the drone (n) --> to drone (v) (XVI в., в тексте не присутствует)

(Old English drān (n) - трутень. Ultimately from an Indo-European word meaning Уto buzzФ)

¬ тексте примеры не обнаружены

tattoo Ц in that context this word means regular beating on surface: a steady rhythmic beating made on a surface such as a drum. (Mid-17th century. From Dutch taptoe, literally Уshut the tap (of the beer barrel),Ф a signal at closing time in the taverns. Originally Уsignal for soldiers to return to quarters.Ф)

можно сказать Ц заимствованное звукоподражание

1) ѕривести примеры слов, изменивших свое значение

iron (Old English īren, from a prehistoric Germanic word of uncertain origin: probably via Celtic, from, ultimately, an Indo-European word that is also the ancestor of English ORE)

расширение значени¤ на по¤вившиес¤ позже предметы и ¤влени¤

1. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS metallic element: a heavy magnetic malleable ductile lustrous silvery-white metallic element used for a variety of engineering and structural products. Symbol Fe

2. harsh character: a strong, unyielding, or hard aspect of somebodyТs nature

3. heated tool: any of various tools made of iron or steel, usually heated before and during use
Х a soldering iron

4. HOUSEHOLD clothes presser: a small, usually electrical, appliance with a handle and a flat metal base that is heated for use in pressing clothes and sometimes contains water to make steam

5. GOLF metal-headed golf club: any of various golf clubs with metal heads, differentiated by numbers that indicate different angles of the face and lengths of the shaft

7. TECHNOLOGY computer hardware: computer hardware, especially older and larger mainframes (slang)

2) ¬ыбрать из текста одно многозначное слово

idea (14th century. Via Latin, from Greek, Уlook,Ф formed from idein, Уto seeФ. The meaning developed in Greek from УappearanceФ via УimageФ to Уmental image, notion.Ф)

1. opinion: a personal opinion or belief
Х Do you have any ideas on how the problem should be dealt with?

2. suggestion: a thought to be presented as a suggestion
Х It was her idea to plant daisies.

3. impression: an impression or knowledge of something
Х We have no idea how much it would cost.

4. plan: a realization of a possible way of doing something or of something to be done
Х Watching the beaver building its dam gave me an idea.

5. aim: the aim or purpose of a project or plan
Х The idea of the new program is to keep young people in school.

6. gist: the gist or prйcis of something such as a book, report, project, or plan
Х give you only a broad idea now, with a detailed outline to follow

7. thought: a thought about or mental picture of something such as a future or possible event
Х Sometimes the idea of having to speak in public is worse than actually doing it.

8. concept: a concept that exists in the mind only
Х discussing the idea of morality

to look Ц to stare Ц to peer (to look Ц the dominant synonym) - ideographic

Necessary evil Ц необходимое зло, на сегодн¤шний день ¤вл¤етс¤ устойчивым словосочетанием (часто Ц метафора)

Iron: To have several irons in the fire (to be involved in several different activities at the same time)

To pump iron (to do weight-lifting exercises for bodybuilding or fitness (slang))

To strike while the iron is hot (to act while circumstances are favorable for a successful outcome)

онтрольна¤ работа

¬ тексте примеры не обнаружены

¬ тексте примеры не обнаружены